From policy to practice: how RUTA N and FUTUMED shape Medellín’s science, technology and innovation ecosystem 

This paper analyzes the evolution of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policies from linear and market-failure approaches toward systemic and transformative frameworks that address grand societal challenges. Within this perspective, Medellín’s designation as a Special District of STI is examined as a pioneering territorial strategy to consolidate innovation-oriented governance, foster sustainability, and strengthen competitiveness. Central to this approach is the implementation of Special Treatment Zones (STZs), conceived as urban laboratories for experimentation, demonstration, and technology transfer. The study focuses on FUTUMED, the first STZ in Medellín, highlighting its mission-oriented design, strategic lines of action, and mechanisms for financing, governance, and monitoring. By integrating theoretical paradigms with concrete territorial interventions, FUTUMED illustrates how STI policies can create systemic capabilities and generate measurable social, environmental, and economic impacts. The paper argues that Medellín’s experience offers a replicable and scalable model for cities seeking to align innovation ecosystems with sustainable and inclusive development goals at national and international levels.